| dc.date.accessioned |
2018-08-07T06:20:32Z |
|
| dc.date.available |
2018-08-07T06:20:32Z |
|
| dc.date.copyright |
2009 |
en_US |
| dc.date.issued |
2018-08-07 |
|
| dc.identifier.isbn |
9783531165295 |
en_US |
| dc.identifier.uri |
http://hdl.handle.net/10725/8282 |
|
| dc.description.tableofcontents |
Introductory Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
A general review of the literature on Lebanon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
Statement of the problem . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
Hypotheses and study structure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
Long-term implications and contributions of the study . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
The method of research . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
Further methods of inquiry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
1. Review and Critique of the Literature on Consociational Democracy 35
Theorizing consociationalism: The evolution of the theory . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
Consociational democracy as a prescriptive model in deeply fragmented
societies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
The other side of the medal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
A criticism of the consociational model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
A criticism of the consociational theory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54
Lijphart’s reaction: A struggle against all odds? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70
The survivability of consociational democracy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73
The consociational model and its relation to our case study . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75
2. Pre-War Lebanon:A Dance into the Abyss of Consociationalism . . . . 77
Consociational democracy in pre-war Lebanon: The characteristics of
the model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77
The factors conducive to consociational democracy: Why are they
problematic? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79
Performance of the pre-war consociational model (1943–1975) . . . . . . . . . . 85
The strengths of the pre-war consociational model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86
The defects of the pre-war consociational model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93
An inevitable collapse? An inquiry into the reasons behind consociational
failure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102
A zone of turbulences . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114
The elite factor in the consociational breakdown (1967–1976) . . . . . . . . . . . 126
The economic factor in the consociational breakdown . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 130
Synthesis: The status of the favorable factors revisited . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135
12 Contents
3. Post-War Lebanon:The Lost Republic’s Peregrinations . . . . . . . . . . . 137
The rise of a competitive semi-authoritarian regime (1990–2005) . . . . . . . . 137
The deconstruction of the democratic myth in the Second Republic . . . . . . . 139
The transition paradigm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143
Hybrid regimes, types and characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145
Lebanon in the transition paradigm: A peculiar tale . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 157
The architecture of semi-authoritarianism: The indicators (1990–2004) . . . 158
The Ta’if setting, background and aftermath . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 159
The truncated implementation of the Ta’if agreement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 164
Syrian predominance and the Lebanese-Syrian riddle of
semi-authoritarianism (1976–2004) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 176
Post-war elections: A tool of semi-authoritarianism . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 195
Points of elite authority . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 207
The triumph of authoritarian pressures in 2004 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 225
Synthesis: The games that Lebanese semi-authoritarianism played . . . . . . . 243
4. Post-War Lebanon’s Long and Perilous Road to Democracy . . . . . . . 245
Lebanese democracy: A question of relativity? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 246
Democratic pressures in the 1990s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 249
The endurance of the Lebanese civil society . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 249
Political opposition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 251
The role of religious elites . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 253
The 2000 opening . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 254
A gust of political liberty after 2000? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 256
The limitations and aftermath of the 2000 opening . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 258
Lebanon’s 2005 transition: the end of the competitive authoritarian regime? 261
The 2005 awakening and its underlying motives: The first signs of
transition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 262
Second phase of the democratic awakening . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 279
The backstory of the Beirut Spring: A critique . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 285
Third phase of the transition: Augurs of institutional revival . . . . . . . . . . . . 290
Fourth phase of the transition: Syria’s departure or the ‘end of the affair’ . . . 292
Fifth phase of the transition: Lebanon’s summer parliamentary elections . . . 294
The first post-Syrian coalition cabinet and its difficult birth . . . . . . . . . . . . 302
The international probe into Hariri’s Killing: Towards more transparency? . 305
The opposite side of the coin or the persistence of authoritarian waves . . . . 309
Residues of the Lebanese-Syrian constellation and surviving loyalties . . . . 309
An evaluation of Lebanon’s transition to a low-intensity democracy . . . . . . 317
Analysis of Lebanon’s path to system transition in 2005 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 318
Rethinking Lebanon’s minimal democracy: A looming backlash? . . . . . . . . 323
A long road ahead . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 324
Contents 13
5. What about Post-War Consociationalism? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 327
The rise of a ‘chaperoned’ power-sharing model: The failure of grand
coalitions under Syrian tutelage (1990–2005) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 328
The Troika or the oligarchic elite cartel: Its effects on coalition-building
and institutions (1992–1998) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 330
The emergence of a shadow government: A case of
“coercive consociationalism” . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 336
The gradual breakdown of the security state and the rise of a bipolar model
of consociationalism . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 344
The national political schism: A study of prevailing political cleavages . . . . 345
The implications of political cleavages on power-sharing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 357
Coalition building during the phase of bipolarity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 358
Synthesis: Prerequisites and devices of consociational democracy at peril . . 360
Augurs of a power-sharing reawakening? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 361
The resilience of Lebanese consociationalism . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 362
The 2005 Beirut Spring: Low-intensity power-sharing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 363
The partial revival of consociational devices in the post-Syrian era . . . . . . . 368
Demystifying the 2005 power-sharing revival . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 371
Consociation in difficulty: Shaky patterns of elite accommodation . . . . . . . 371
Lebanon’s shackled foreign policy: The impossible condition of
non-alignment and the increase of external burdens on the porous
republic after 2005 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 391
Communal segmentation in post-war Lebanon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 409
Dark clouds over Lebanon’s consociationalism . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 419
6. Final Appraisal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 425
Crafting a Consociational Democracy:The Limits of the
‘Self-Negating Prophecy’ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 425
The prospects for Lebanon’s consociational democracy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 429
Reinventing consociationalism: For a gradualist path . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 430
Consociational challenges: How to turn a low-intensity model of
power-sharing into a viable democracy? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 432
Institutional engineering: Synchronizing democracy and power-sharing . . . 432
Institutionalized deadlock-breaking mechanisms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 433
A solution to communal desegmentation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 435
Reformulating the problem of national identity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 442
An external or internal solution to Lebanon’s oppressive alignment?:
The making of a cautious foreign policy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 447
An ill-timed reform for an agonizing consociation? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 452
14 Contents
Bibliography . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 455
Consociational theory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 455
Democracy and democratic transition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 459
Pre- and post-war Lebanon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 462
Country review . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 475
Politics and system transition in the Middle East . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 476 |
en_US |
| dc.language.iso |
en |
en_US |
| dc.publisher |
Vs Verlag |
en_US |
| dc.subject |
Democracy -- Lebanon -- History -- 2st century |
en_US |
| dc.subject |
Democrary -- Lebanon |
en_US |
| dc.subject |
Power (social sciences) |
en_US |
| dc.title |
Democracy and power-sharing in stormy weather |
en_US |
| dc.type |
Book / Chapter of a Book |
en_US |
| dc.title.subtitle |
the case of Lebanon |
en_US |
| dc.author.school |
SAS |
en_US |
| dc.author.idnumber |
199201310 |
en_US |
| dc.author.department |
Social Sciences |
en_US |
| dc.description.physdesc |
477 p. ill |
en_US |
| dc.description.bibliographiccitations |
Includes bibliographical references |
en_US |
| dc.identifier.ctation |
Fakhoury, T. (2009). Democracy and power-sharing in stormy weather: The case of Lebanon. Vs Verlag. |
en_US |
| dc.author.email |
tamirace.fakhoury@lau.edu.lb |
en_US |
| dc.identifier.tou |
http://libraries.lau.edu.lb/research/laur/terms-of-use/articles.php |
en_US |
| dc.identifier.url |
http://cadmus.eui.eu/handle/1814/12378?show=full |
en_US |
| dc.publication.date |
2009 |
en_US |
| dc.book.author |
Fakhoury, Tamirace |
|
| dc.author.affiliation |
Lebanese American University |
en_US |