An illusion of freedom. (c2017)

Abstract

This thesis critically discusses the Kafala system, its mechanism and reason behind its existence in Kuwait. Drawing on ethnographic and field-based observations in Kuwait, there is increasing pressure from NGOs and human rights activists not only for improving the democratic rights and conditions of citizens, but also those of non-citizens such as unskilled migrant workers, who in some Gulf countries far outnumber the local populations. We discuss reasons behind Kuwait’s desire to keep the system active for reasons that defy human rights treatment but abide by security of the country. Despite evidence of the political will to introduce reforms that are consistent with international labor standards and conventions, the core elements of the Kafala system still denies basic civic rights to migrant workers and make them vulnerable to abuse, exploitation and trafficking.