A prototype study for the management of surface water resources, Lebanon

Abstract

Lebanon depends primarily, for its water resources on ground water that is deteriorating rapidly. The increased demand on water resources in Lebanon as a result of: progressive urbanization, socio-economic growth, development of agricultural and industrial activities will lead to critical water limitations factor by the year 2010. Consequently, other resources such as the availability of surface water in terms of quality and quantity is of major importance. The political instability in the country limited the development of a comprehensive data-base for surface water. The paper focuses on assessing the water quality of the Qaraaoun reservoir, an impoundment of the river Litani for multipurpose utilization. This would serve as a prototype for the development of comprehensive plans for optimal utilization of surface water sources in Lebanon, as a venue to meet the water needs of Lebanon. The Qaraaoun reservoir, which till now has limited utilization of hydroelectric power and agricultural activities, proved to posses other usage. A master plan for the management of the Qaraaoun reservoir, as a prototype for surface water, should address policy constrains relative to environmental, institutional and financial issues.