Atherosclerosis Initiation Modeled as an Inflammatory Process

Abstract

In this work we study the inflammatory process resulting in the development of atherosclerosis. We develop a one- and two-dimensional models based on reaction-diffusion systems to describe the set up of a chronic inflammatory response in the intima of an artery vessel wall. The concentration of the oxidized low density lipoproteins (ox-LDL) in the intima is the critical parameter of the model. Low ox-LDL concentrations do not lead to a chronic inflammatory reaction. Intermediate ox-LDL concentrations correspond to a bistable system and can lead to a travelling wave propagation corresponding to a chronic inflammatory reaction. In this case the disease development depends on the initial condition. If the concentration of monocytes in the intima is sufficiently high, which can be caused by an inflammation related to other factors, then the development of atherosclerosis can start. Otherwise, the system returns to the stable disease free equilibrium. High ox-LDL concentrations correspond to a monostable system and even a small perturbation of the non inflammatory case leads to a travelling wave propagation which corresponds to a chronic inflammatory response.