Summary form only given. In 1985 a powerful and practical public-key scheme was produced by ElGamal; his work was applied using large prime integers. El-Kassar et al. and El-Kassar and Haraty modified the ElGamal public-key ...

A digital signature is a mechanism designed to allow secure communication through an insecure medium and can be traced in many applications where privacy is required. A digital signature is an electronic signature that can ...

The ElGamal encryption scheme is described in the setting of any finite cyclic group G. Among the groups of most interest in cryptography are the multiplicative group Zp of the ring of integers modulo a prime p, and the ...

Let S = {x1, x2, ..., xn} be a set of n distinct positive integers. The matrix [S] = (sij) having the greatest common divisor (xi, xj) of xi and xj as its i, j-entry is called the greatest common divisor (GCD) matrix on ...

Secure Socket Layer (SSL) is a cryptographic protocol widely used to make a secure connection to a Web server. SSL uses three interdependent cryptographic functions to perform a secure connection. The first function is ...