Numerical simulations of the friction stir welding of dissimilar metal joints is a daunting task given the complex issues involved such as the flow mixing action and the phase transformations. In this work, a 3D thermo-mechanical ...

Friction stir welding (FSW) is a proven solid-state technique for joining metal alloys. Given the low melting temperatures of light alloys, excessive heat build-up in such joints may have undesirable consequences such as ...

In Friction stir welding (FSW) of carbon steels, process parameters must be set to avoid defects such as warm holes. Proper selection of process parameters also affects the final grain microstructure and phase transformations ...