Introduced in this work are correlations that capture the behavior of thrust force and torque vs. input process parameters in friction stir processing (FSP) of twin-roll cast (TRC) AZ3 IB. The correlations are based on the ...

In-process cryogenic cooling in fabrication processes is known to — among other benefits — extend tool life and improve the surface properties of a work-piece. To provide flexible applications of cryogenic cooling, control ...