Comparative Electoral Systems in Post-Conflict Societies

Abstract

This paper explores Lebanon’s post-war electoral system within the context of its consociational framework, highlighting how the 2017 proportional reform failed to break the dominance of sectarian elites. By comparing Lebanon’s system to those of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Iraq, and Northern Ireland, the study identifies key lessons and insights on how electoral design can either reinforce division or foster inclusion. While proportional representation can improve fairness, deeper reforms are needed - such as redistricting, implementing gender and minority quotas, and exploring alternatives like the Single Transferable Vote (STV). The research offers policy recommendations aimed at promoting inclusive governance and reducing sectarian fragmentation.