The Gem of Tripoli, A Unique Mamluk Star Domical Pattern, where Visual Arts and Mathematical Sciences Intersect

Abstract

Hidden within the labyrinthine streets of Trāblus ash-Shām lies a forgotten monument from the Mamluk period, known as al-Mashhad, overlooked by travelers and erased from local memory. Despite its central location, this enigmatic structure remains shrouded in mystery, its function obscured by time and neglect. Adorning its front facade is a captivating testament of artistic ingenuity and craftsmanship: a colorful star domical pattern gracing its quarter hood, a beautiful example of the intricate interplay of Islamic geometric artistry and polyhedral geometry. A thorough formal analysis of the monument with particular focus on its portal, reveals the unique features that set al-Mashhad apart from other monuments in Tripoli and in the broader region. This research places this portal within a comparative study of the historical use of star patterns on mihrabs, portals, and domes in Medieval Cairo and Syria. It also explores insights into the evolution of the star geometric patterns in architectural designs and their relation to the development of mathematics at the time. Rooted in Arabic primary sources, this research aims to unveil the monument’s historical narrative, amplifying its significance in the annals of Mamluk architectural history. This thesis argues that al-Mashhad epitomizes a unique fusion of Seljuk mathematical innovation and Syrian aesthetic expression, showcasing a harmonious balance between precision and beauty. It also marks a pivotal point in the political history of Mamluk Tripoli with the resurgence of architectural patronage under the Circassian Mamluks. Furthermore, this research underscores Tripoli’s significant contribution to the manifestation, richness, and maturity of the Mamluk geometric domical decoration, offering a deeper understanding of the city’s cultural legacy.