The impact of stigma on self-esteem, psychological distress and help-seeking among young adults with mental disorders in Lebanon

Abstract

Background/Objective: Mental illness is a common and often stigmatized condition that affects individuals of all ages, including young adults. Stigma around mental illness refers to the negative attitudes and beliefs that society may hold about individuals with mental health conditions, and can manifest as discrimination, prejudice, and negative stereotypes. This study aims to explore the correlation between stigma and self-confidence, psychological distress, and help-seeking behavior among young adults with mental illnesses located in Lebanon. Method: A cross-sectional online survey was shared via digital platforms such as Whatsapp and Instagram between February 2023 and April 2023. A total of 200 participants coming from various educational backgrounds and located in different Lebanese regions participated in the study and completed the five measures; The Stigma Scale, the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale, Attitudes Towards Seeking Professional Psychological Help Scale-short form (ATSPPH-SF) , The Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K6) and The Self-Stigma Questionnaire (SSQ). Results: On one hand, results from our multivariable analysis revealed a significant association between high levels of stigma and low self-esteem scores, as well as negative attitudes towards seeking professional help. Furthermore, results show that fear of individuals with mental illnesses, prejudice and lack of enough knowledge and awareness are potential reasons for the stigma around mental health in Lebanon. On the other hand, there was no association between stigma and psychological distress. Conclusion: According to our key results, the majority of participants experience stigma, leading to more mental health suffering. These inaccurate beliefs and stereotypes lead to fear, avoidance and discomfort, because people with mental health diseases may be perceived as unpredictable, impulsive and dangerous. Since these misconceptions are widespread, especially in the Lebanese culture, individuals with mental disorders are often labeled and portrayed as weak, leading to decreased self-esteem and lower tendencies to seek help and self-stigmatization.