Supra-state Identity Formation

Abstract

This paper examines the development of transnational identity formation in nation states. The influence of velayat-e faqih through the rising power of Hezbollah among the Lebanese Shiites and its ability to create a new identity is closely studied. The paper reviews various identity-formation theoretical propositions while assessing the Lebanese case. The findings suggest that in a fragile state and divided society nationhood is shaped by sub- and supra-state identities. In the case of the Shiite community in Lebanon, the rise of Iranian regional power along its transnational “velayat-e” ideology has served as a mean for communal empowerment against Sunni-dirven “Arabization” and Christian-led “westernization”. The paper discusses the various turbulent historical junctures that have fertilized the ground for the growth of the “velayat-e” identity among the Lebanese Shiite community. This study confirms that transnational revisionist identities thrive amid socio-economic nation-state fragility and communal insecurity.