Evaluation Of Anti Thyroid Activity of Cannabis Sativa Oil Extract Against Levothyroxine Induced Hyperthyroidism in Mice

Abstract

Lebanese cannabis is well-known for its high quality and recreational value; yet little is known regarding its medical use. Hyperthyroidism affects approximately 1%-2% of the world population. Limited literature is available on cannabis use on thyroid dysfunction. The present study aims to explore the antithyroid potential of Lebanese cannabis oil extract (COE) use in mice. Male BALB/c mice weighing between 31 and 35 grams were distributed into five groups of 14 mice each; group I served as control and was given a mixture of Ethanol: Cremophor: PBS (1:1:18) administered intra peritoneally (i.p.) for 35 days. To induce hyperthyroidism, group II was given levo- thyroxine (10μg) orally for 35 days; groups III, IV, and V were given levo- thyroxine (10μg) over 14 days and then treated with PTU (0.2mg/kg PO), COE (10mg/kg i.p.), and COE (20mg/kg i.p.), respectively over 21 days. The effect of COE on hyperthyroidism was assessed by measuring FT3, FT4 and TSH levels in mice blood. Mice liver and thyroid morphology was examined, as well. Results show that COE and PTU where equally effective in controlling FT3 levels in mice (P-value <0.001), but PTU was more potent than COE dose I and dose II in abating FT4 levels. Regarding thyroid and liver morphology, the group treated with COE dose II (group V) showed the lowest thyroid weight as compared to other treated groups (III, IV). To note, there was no observed difference in the liver morphology in any of the treated and control groups. In conclusion, the results assured that COE has dose/time dependent effect in lowering FT3 and FT4 thyroid hormones. Further studies are required to acknowledge the mechanism of action of COE antithyroid effect.