Second-Generation Lebanese–Venezuelan Return Migration

Abstract

This dissertation will first introduce the concepts of return migration, re-emigration, and provide an outline of the related theoretical frameworks and their limitations including return preparedness and migration cycles. Generational migration cycles are proposed to capture the nuances of second-generation returnees, specifically their directionality. This research adopts a mixed-methods approach to assess the return preparedness and generational migration cycles of second-generation Lebanese–Venezuelan return migrants to Lebanon. Re-emigration is examined with a focus on the decision-making process undertaken by the returnees upon return. This research reveals the existence of a unique childhood mobility, compelled-youth returnees, and it dispels the bias surrounding re-emigration, specifically it being a failure of reintegration. Finally, second-generation Lebanese–Venezuelans returnees are uniquely adept at managing the current political and socioeconomic crises occurring in Lebanon. Their prior experiences in Venezuela, along with their fluid conceptions of identity and ‘homes’; dynamic transnational links; transnational consciousness/ease of mobility; strong familial and community networks; and assuredness from their faith in God has provided many returnees with a sense of calm in the context of concurrent crises.